Artificial Intelligence: How to Cite AI

Questions?

  • If you are unsure if the certain use of an AI-based tool is a violation of an academic integrity policy, please communicate with the professor of that course. Each instructor may have different expectations regarding AI in the classroom, so it is best to double check or seek clarity if you are unsure.
  • If you have any questions about AI literacy or finding additional resources, please email e-reference@brescia.edu.edu or schedule an appointment with a librarian. We'd be happy to assist in person or online!
  • If you have any additional questions about AI that go beyond the scope of this guide, please check our catalog or databases for additional resources to explore or contact a librarian to assist you in your search.

 Please Note

  • Information regarding Artificial Intelligence (AI) updates at a rapid pace. As such, you may come across information in this guide that is considered out of date despite efforts to keep information up to date. 
  • The Fr. Leonard Alvey Library does not endorse any specific AI technologies and encourages users to be diligent about sharing personal information when utilizing AI tools. 

Citing AI Text Generators

Just as you would with a human author or creator, you must cite AI tools if you are using them to generate content. Several citation guides have released official guidelines or semi-official suggestions on how to cite AI-generated content. Below are some guidelines for citing AI; however, these may adapt over time so if you are not sure, please be sure to check in with some of the citation source guides we have listed on our Copyright LibGuide or reach out to your individual instructor to verify their preference.

Building Blocks

  • Author: Do not treat the AI as an author; MLA is reserving that for human authors. Omit the author section of the citation.
  • Title of source: Describe what was generated by the AI tool. If you have not included information about the prompt in the text of your essay, you need to do that here.
  • Title of container: The name of the AI tool. 
  • Version: Name the version of the AI tool as specifically as possible. 
  • Date: Include the date the content was generated. 
  • Location: Give the URL for the tool. If possible, give the URL for the specific content. (Note: the style guide post is slightly out of date; you can now send someone a URL of your ChatGPT conversation. This is the URL you should use in your citation.)

Format

"Prompt text" prompt. AI tool, version of tool, company that made the tool, date text was generated. URL. 

Examples

  • In-text citation: ("Describe the symbolism")
  • Bibliography: “Describe the symbolism of the green light in the book The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald” prompt. ChatGPT, 13 Feb. version, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, https://chat.openai.com/share/dccb3610-1db9-4eed-88b1-cdb06f67982a.

Check out the MLA Style Guide for more information.

Building Blocks

  • Author:Use the creator of the AI as the author (e.x. OpenAI, Google, etc.)
  • Date:Include the date the content was generated
  • Title:Use the name of the aI tool (e.x. ChatGPT, Gemini)
  • Version:Name the version of the AI tool as specifically as possible.
  • DescriptionIn brackets, clarify that this is a large language model, or other specific type of generative AI.
  • Location:Give the URL for the specific conversation or, if that is not available, then provide the URL for the tool

Format

Company that made the tool (date text was generated). AI tool (version of tool) [large language model]. URL.

Examples

  • In-text citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
  • Bibliography OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar. 14 version) [large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/share/dccb3610-1db9-4eed-88b1-cdb06f67982a.

Check out the APA Style Guide for more information.

In Chicago, you'll cite generative AI differently depending on whether or not you included the prompt in the text of your paper. If you included it in your paper, you don't need to repeat it in the citation.

Building Blocks

  • Author: Treat the AI as an author. If you're footnoting quoted text, say "Text generated by [the AI tool]."
  • Date:Include the date the content was generated.
  • Publisher:Use the company that created the AI (e.x. OpenAI, Google, etc.)
  • Location:Give the URL for the specific content if possible. If not then give the URL for the tool.

Format

Prompt already included in paper:

  • Text generated by [name of the AI tool], date, Company that made the tool, URL.

Prompt not yet included in the paper:

  • [Name of the AI tool], response to "prompt," date text was generated, Company that made the tool, URL.

Examples

Prompt already included in paper:

  • Text generated by ChatGPT, March 7, 2023, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/share/dccb3610-1db9-4eed-88b1-cdb06f67982a.

Prompt not yet included in paper:

  • ChatGPT, response to “Explain how to make pizza dough from common household ingredients,” March 7, 2023, OpenAI, https://chat.openai.com/share/dccb3610-1db9-4eed-88b1-cdb06f67982a.

Check out the Chicago Style Guide for more information.

Citing AI-generated Images

If you're referencing or including an AI-generated image in your papers, you should include information about how it was generated. This is also required for human-created artwork and some human-created photographs. In most citation styles, you don't need to include this in the works cited, only as a caption for the image.

If you're including an AI-generated image in the body of a paper, give it a figure number (e.x.Fig.1, Fig. 2)

Building Blocks

  • Figure number: This corresponds to the number of images you have in your paper. If this is the first image that shows up in your paper, you'd use "Fig.1." If it's the third image, you'd use "Fig. 3", etc.
  • Author: Do not treat the AI as an author; MLA is reserving that for human authors. Omit the author section of the citation.
  • Title of work: Use the full prompt, or the first several words of the prompt, in quotation marks, followed by the word "prompt."
  • Title of container: The name of the AI tool
  • Version: Name the version of the AI tool as specifically as possible.
  • Date: Include the date the content was created.
  • Location Give the URL for the specific content if possible. Otherwise give the URL for the tool.

Format

Fig.1. "Full prompt" prompt, Name of Tool, Company Name, date image was generated, URL.

Example

  • Fig.1. “Pointillist painting of a sheep in a sunny field of blue flowers” prompt, DALL-Eversion 2, OpenAI, 8 Mar. 2023, labs.openai.com/Links to an external site..

Check out the MLA Style Guide for more information.

As of July 2023, APA has not issued specific guidance on how to cite AI-generated images. For now, cite as you would any other image, using the guidelines APA has issued for AI-generated text.

Building Blocks

  • Author: Use the creator of the AI as the author (e.x. OpenAI, Google, etc.)
  • Date: Use the date the content was generated
  • Title: Use the name of the tool (e.x. ChatGPT, Gemini, etc.)
  • Version: Name the version of the AI tool as specifically as possible.
  • Description: In brackets, clarify that this is an AI image generator, or another specific type of generative AI.
  • Location: Give the URL for the specific content if possible. If not, give the URL for the tool.

Format

In-text citation

(Company that made the AI tool, year the image was generated).

Bibliography

Company that made the AI tool. (Year the image was generated). Name of the AI tool as specifically as possible. Version of the AI tool. [AI image generator]. URL.

Examples

  • In-text citation: (OpenAI, 2023)./li>
  • Bibliography: OpenAI. 92023). DALL-E 2. https://openai.com/dall-e-2.

Check out the APA Style Guide for more information.

The Chicago Manual of Style's website recommends you cite AI-generated images like any other image, while including both the name of the AI tool that generated the image, the company that created the AI, and the prompt that generated the image.

Building Blocks

  • Title: Use the full prompt, or the first several words of the prompt, as the title.
  • Creator: Use the phrase "image generated by," followed by the company that created the tool and the name of the tool. (e.x. Canva's Text to Image).
  • Date: Give the date the image was generated.

Format

"Prompt, "image generated by [Company's AI Tool], date image was generated.

Example

  • "A modern office rendered as a cubist painting," image generated by OpenAI's DALL-E 2, March 5, 2023.

Check out the Chicago Style Guide on images for more information.